The Extraordinary Life and Legacy of Captain James H. Howard: A Hero in Two Operational Theaters

James H. Howard is a name that resonates strongly in the history of World War II aviation, a man whose bravery and exceptional flying skills earned him a reputation as one of the most distinguished American pilots of the war. Known for his courage in the face of overwhelming odds and his ability to achieve remarkable feats, Howard’s journey from a naval aviator aboard the USS Enterprise to a celebrated fighter ace in two operational theaters highlights a story of determination, skill, and unparalleled heroism. He stands as a testament to the men who shaped the course of history in the skies during one of the most turbulent times in modern warfare.

Early Years and Naval Service

Born on December 13, 1913, in New Jersey, James Howard’s path to becoming one of America’s most famous aviators began with his service as a naval aviator. After graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1937, Howard was assigned to the USS Enterprise (CV-6), one of the most famous aircraft carriers in American history. The Enterprise was involved in numerous significant battles during the early years of World War II, including the Battle of Midway, but Howard’s naval career was soon to take a dramatic turn.

By 1941, the United States had not yet entered World War II, but tensions were escalating. Despite his promising naval career, Howard made the unusual and courageous decision to resign his commission in 1941. His resignation was motivated by a desire to join a more specialized force where he could make a greater contribution to the fight against Imperial Japan. This decision ultimately led him to one of the most legendary aviation units of the war—the Flying Tigers.

The Flying Tigers: A Volunteer Force of Courageous Pilots

The Flying Tigers, officially known as the American Volunteer Group (AVG), were a group of volunteer pilots who had been recruited to assist in defending China from Japanese aggression. The group was organized before the United States entered the war, with the approval of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The pilots, who were primarily American, fought under the leadership of Claire Lee Chennault, and they quickly became famous for their daring aerial tactics and immense success in combat.

Howard joined the Flying Tigers in 1941, a decision that would significantly alter the course of his life. The AVG was a group of men who were incredibly passionate about their mission and who quickly made a name for themselves as they defended China from Japanese bombers and fighters. The Flying Tigers’ distinctive shark-mouth nose art became a symbol of their fierce reputation in the skies. Howard’s skill as a fighter pilot quickly became evident, and he would go on to achieve ace status while flying with the group.

During his time with the Flying Tigers, Howard scored at least six confirmed kills against Japanese aircraft, becoming one of the group’s standout pilots. His exceptional flying and contributions in combat earned him widespread respect among his fellow pilots, but his story was just beginning.

A Fighter Ace in Two Operational Theaters

When the AVG disbanded in July 1942, after the U.S. officially entered the war, Howard’s career continued to soar. He was offered a commission as a captain in the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF), where he would serve as part of the U.S. Army’s 56th Fighter Group. This was another pivotal chapter in his military service, as Howard transitioned from the Flying Tigers to become a key figure in the U.S. Army Air Forces.

In his new role, Howard continued his remarkable combat career, participating in the European Theater of Operations. Flying the P-47 Thunderbolt, he defended B-17 Flying Fortress bombers during bombing runs over Germany and occupied Europe. These missions were perilous, as bombers flying in formation were often targeted by waves of enemy fighters, and it was the job of the escort fighters to protect them. Howard’s bravery and exceptional flying during these missions helped ensure the safety of the bombers, earning him the admiration of his fellow servicemen and higher-ups.

His valiant actions during one particular mission earned him one of the highest honors any soldier can receive. On January 11, 1944, while escorting a group of B-17s over Germany, Howard’s squadron encountered overwhelming enemy opposition from German Luftwaffe fighters. Despite being vastly outnumbered, Howard fought off several enemy aircraft, successfully protecting the bombers and ensuring the success of the mission. For his courageous actions that day, Howard was awarded the Medal of Honor, the United States’ highest military decoration for valor.

The Medal of Honor: A Hero’s Legacy

James H. Howard’s Medal of Honor citation recognized his bravery and extraordinary skill in defending American bombers during this critical mission. The citation praised his aggressive aerial tactics, which directly resulted in saving the lives of many airmen. Howard was credited with shooting down multiple enemy aircraft and preventing the bombers from suffering heavier losses. His actions not only helped achieve the success of the mission but also demonstrated his exceptional leadership and flying abilities in the face of insurmountable odds.

Howard’s award made him the only fighter pilot in Europe to receive the Medal of Honor, a distinction that further cemented his legacy as one of the most distinguished pilots of World War II. His recognition came at a time when the Allied war effort in Europe was reaching a critical stage, and Howard’s bravery contributed to the broader fight to secure victory over the Axis powers.

A Continuing Legacy of Service

Following his time in Europe, Howard continued to serve in the military, but his post-war years were equally notable. After the end of the Second World War, he transitioned into a career in civilian aviation, but his heroic actions during the war remained a significant part of his life’s story. He became involved in various aviation and military affairs, sharing his experiences and serving as a mentor to the next generation of pilots.

James H. Howard’s actions in the skies over Europe and the Pacific are an enduring example of courage and commitment. He is remembered not only for his exceptional flying skills but also for his selflessness and dedication to the mission, often at the expense of his personal safety. His contributions to the U.S. Army Air Forces and his earlier service with the Flying Tigers made him a prominent figure in the history of aviation and a true American hero.

Conclusion: A Life Marked by Valor

James H. Howard’s legacy extends far beyond the medals he earned or the aircraft he flew. His life story is one of a man who rose to the occasion during some of the most pivotal moments of World War II, defending his comrades in two different theaters of war and becoming one of the most decorated pilots in U.S. history. His actions have inspired generations of aviators and military personnel, and his Medal of Honor continues to stand as a symbol of the bravery and determination required to defend freedom.

Howard’s story is one of sacrifice, courage, and extraordinary flying skill. He embodied the very best of what it meant to be a fighter pilot during World War II—one who would go to any length to protect those he was sworn to defend. His remarkable achievements in both the Flying Tigers and the U.S. Army Air Forces have ensured that James H. Howard will always be remembered as one of the most distinguished aviators of the Second World War.